Proctalepsis- AP Rhetorical Term # 6

-Proctalepsis is a rhetorical strategy used to anticipate and answer an opponent's objections and permit the argument from advancing further. It is used persuasively and it uses immediate refutation or evidence in order to prove the opposing wrong.

-In the novel Heart Of Darkness by Conrad, the character Marlow uses proctalepsis when he is talking about the Roman knights. 

He states, “They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force—nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others. They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind—as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness."

He uses the rhetorical strategy to quickly asses that they weren't strong men initially, but that they stole strength from the weakness of others before anyone could claim that the knights were such great people. 

-Another example of this rhetorical strategy is in the movie Bridesmaids. Kristen Wiig's character refutes to the teen in order to make her stop arguing. She anticipates that this will shock her and stop the argument. 

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1YQzaS_PUco

Caloric Intake of teens vs. Christopher McCandless

-The average active teenage girl takes in about 2,400 calories a day. I take in about 2,200 on an average day. I'm losing calories due to sports activities. 

-In Chris McCandless' situation, he was a very healthy young man. He was active and had a BMI of 22.5.  Before he went into the wild, Chris was a healthy 140 lbs. When he was found dead, he weighed a brutal 67 pounds. He lost 73 pounds total going from 140 to 67 pounds.

-To lose one pound, he would've had to get rid of 3,500 calories. He needed to get an average 2158 calories per day but he got around 1,400 which means he lost about 760 calories a day. Losing one pound would've taken him around four or five days total. To lose 73 pounds, it would've taken Chris about 337 days which means he couldn't have died from starvation in just 113 days, it would've taken him more time to do so. Chris would've needed help from some sort of poison in order to die so suddenly. 

Rhetorical term #5, conduplicatio

  Conduplicatio is the rhetorical strategy of using repetition of a word in various places throughout a paragraph.

An example of conduplicatio is in religious context when "blessed are the(y)" is repeated  in Jesus, Sermon on the Mount, Matthew 5:3-10

-"Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted.
Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth.
Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.
Blessed are the merciful: for they shall obtain mercy.
Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called sons of God.
Blessed are they that have been persecuted for righteousness' sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven."

Another example of conduplicatio is in "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" When the questions are repeated throughout.

- "Where have all the flowers gone?

Long time passing.
Where have all the flowers gone?
Long time ago.
Where have all the flowers gone?
Girls have picked them every one.
When will they ever learn?
When will they ever learn?"

Dialectic- AP Lang & Comp Rhetorical Terms #4 Izzy Favela

Dialectic is the rhetorical strategy of arriving to a conclusion by using logical arguments.

An example of the use of dialectic in Nature by Emerson is in the quote, 

Emerson is describing the perception of the sun from both children and adults. He is logically describing how children see more and enjoy the nature of the sun more than adults.

Another example of the use of dialectic is in the following paragraphs from "Mommy, What Does 'Nigger' Mean?" by Gloria Nalley.

Halley is arriving to a conclusion about what she believes the word language means and whether or not it shapes reality. She gives reasoning for why she believes so by giving the example of the chicken and the egg debate in order to show that she thinks reality shapes words.